With Immersion cooling, servers need to be converted in order to work in hydro-carbon synthetic oil. This process includes removing all of the plastic, removing the fans and adding a new thermal paste to the heat sink. Direct Liquid cooling is considered to provide less friction or barrier to entry for customers and is easier to deploy. Unlike Immersion cooling, Direct Liquid cooling doesn’t involve submerging an entire server in coolant. With this technique, only high power-consuming components are cooled such as GPUs & CPUs.
The principle of the DLC is to establish a cooling loop. Cold liquid is sent to cold plates, mounted directly on the hottest components, this absorbs the heat which is sent to a coolant distribution unit (CDU) to a heat exchanger whose function is to dissipate the heat. They are usually located in the rack or shared by rows. When the liquid has been cooled, it is returned to the cold plates, thus closing the cooling loop.
This method of cooling for servers can deliver circa 100kW per rack and capture 60-70% of the heat, improving the Data Centre efficiency and reducing energy costs. The rest of the heat needs to be dissipated with another method, usually from a fan wall at the rear of the rack. Whilst Immersion cooling can deliver circa 190kW per 42u rack (with a chilled water loop) and capture up to 100% of the heat, some customers may want to look at Direct Liquid Cooling as a middle ground.